During which step should the effectiveness of controls be monitored?

The effectiveness of controls should be monitored during the supervision and review step. This phase is crucial because it allows for ongoing evaluation and adjustment of the implemented controls to ensure they are working as intended. By supervising and reviewing, you can identify any shortcomings in the controls or any new hazards that may arise after their implementation. This continuous monitoring process is integral to maintaining safety and operational efficiency, as it ensures that the controls remain relevant and effective in mitigating risks over time.

While identifying hazards, assessing risks, and implementing controls are essential parts of the ORM process, they do not focus on the ongoing verification of how well those controls are performing after they have been put into place. Thus, monitoring takes a proactive stance towards risk management by ensuring that safety measures adapt to changes in operational conditions.